NERC Open CASE, number 1093171, awarded to Karen Heywood.
= My PhD “Antarctic Bottom Water in CMIP5 models: characteristics, formation, evolution”
October 2011 to March 2015.
Supervisors: Karen Heywood and David Stevens (UEA), and Jeff Ridley (UK MetOffice)

Outcomes of my PhD:

• Quantified biases in Antarctic Bottom Water temperature and salinity in CMIP5 models [1][2];
• Determined the causes for these biases: impossibility to export shelf water due to the mixing scheme, and open ocean deep convection in the Weddell Polynya[1][PhD thesis];
• Quantified the consequence of these biases on climate change projections [3];
• Found a numerical solution to suppress the unrealistic formation process [4].